7/08/2013
In accordance with my promise on the previous post about energy save,This time, I will discuss the step by step how to make a solar cell system for household electricity needs. This way you can make considerable savings for your household. and do not forget to make sure you do it safely. I suggest you only use on low-power devices which is quite often use. let's get started.
Before going further, let us know how a solar cell works. Based on information from the wiki, A solar cell (also called a photo voltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photo voltaic effect.
It is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics-ex: current, voltage, or resistance-vary when light is incident upon it) roommate, when exposed to light, can generate an electric current and support without being attached to any external voltage source. cool is it?. and what is needed to assemble the solar cell system on your home?.- Solar Panel, is what actually converts sunlight to electricity. As soon as sunlight hits the panel it will start generating electricity.
- Charge Controller, device is connected to the solar panel via cable and regulates how much electricity is passed to the battery.
- Battery, is the device that stores the electricity for later use.
- Inverter, device which is takes 12 volt DC from battery and turns it into 120 volt AC, so that you can use it with most household appliances.
If you are not familiar with electrical circuits, do not have knowledge about electronics and even do not have time to make it yourself. then, you can buy ready-made equipment. Always remember that every convenience is always more expensive, but also save your time. at least you should really get to know the system if you use it in your home because you are a leader in your household. Right now, I'll just explain how you assembling it and what are the things you should consider for the safety of your family.
From the diagram above solar cell system:
- An solar panel in parallel to produce larger currents. Combiner on the image above to connect the positive leg of solar panels / solar cells with a solar panel / solar cell other.
- Foot / negative pole panel is also connected to one another.
- Positive foot solar panel / solar cell is connected to the positive leg charge controller, solar panel and a negative leg / foot solar cell is connected to the negative charge controller.
- Voltage of the solar panel / solar cell produced will be used by the charge controller to charge the battery.
- To turn the device load AC (alternating current) such as Television, Radio, computers, etc, battery current supplied by the Inverter.
Installing solar cell system require planning regarding power requirements:
- The amount of usage
- Number of solar panels / solar cell
- Number of batteries
- Purposes of the calculation of power (the power calculation can be seen on the label on the back of the device, or read from the manual.
for example:
Home lighting: CFL bulbs 10 Watts x 4 @ 15 hours a day = 600 Watt hour.
TV 21 "@ 100 watts x 5 hours per day = 500 Watt hour
Fridge 360 liter: @ 135 watts x 24 hours x 1/3 (for a refrigerator compressor is not always life, they generally work more often when the refrigerator door is opened more often) = 1080 Watt hour
Computers: @ 150 watts x 6 hours = 900 Watt hour
Other devices = 400 Watt hour
Total power requirement Watt hour = 3480
Number of solar panels / solar cell is needed, one panel we count 100 Watt (calculation is 5 hours of solar maximum):
Needs of solar panels / solar cell: (3480/100 x 5) = 7 solar panel / solar cell.
Number needs 12 Volt batteries with 100 Ah each:
Needs minimum battery (battery only used 50% of electricity needs), so we multiply the power requirement of 2 x folding: 3480 x 2 = 6960 Watt hour = 6960/12 Volt / 100 Amp = 6 100 Ah batteries.
Needs batteries (with consideration to serve the needs of 3 days without sunlight): 3480 x 3 x 2 = 20880 Watt hour = 20880/12 Volt / 100 Amp = 17 100 Ah batteries
consideration for your safety:
- Treat your project as a learning exercise, not as a serious attempt to generate electricity.
- Never build a solar panel with a wood frame.
- Treat your home made solar panel as a fire hazard.
- Do not mount your completed home made solar panel as a permanent fixture.
- Only use your home made solar panel under supervision, checking regularly for heat build-up on the solar panel or frame. Remember that the front of the solar panel may get extremely hot, especially on hot, sunny days. Do not touch the solar panel with your fingers.
- Visually check your home made solar panel every time you plug it in to ensure there is no moisture penetration. If you spot moisture penetration, stop using the solar panel immediately.
- Use the cheapest solar charge controller you can find for your project. The warranty will be invalidated on the controller by using a home made panel, but at least if you damage a cheap controller you haven't damaged an expensive one.
- Never charge batteries using your home made solar panel without using a solar charge controller.
- Never run an inverter directly from your home made solar panel.
Don't hesitate to ask me anythings.
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